Marketing ( Customer Relationship Management ) Assignment - 1

Marketing ( Customer Relationship Management ) - Assignment Example Top organizations such as Southwest Airlines realize the importance of concentrating on customers and staff members and this focus leads to the way success is measures and managed. He further states that the managers need to satisfy employees who will result in increase in satisfaction and loyalty of customers. The article further states that satisfaction of employees will lead to retention of employees which is the top priority of world leading organization. The article even states that if managers are able to satisfy customer needs, they will be able to retain customers and repeat purchases will arise. The leaders need to realize the importance of customer retention as customer retention will result in favorable referral activity which will result in growth of the organization and organization’s customer base. The article exhibits a diagram that depicts the service-profit chain, the diagram depicts that an organizations revenue increases due to loyal customers, loyalty is ca used and increased through customer satisfaction, satisfaction has a direct relation with the quality of goods and services and quality of goods and services are created by satisfied employees. Heskett, ï ¿ ½. L. (1994, April 1). Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work - Harvard Business Review . Harvard Business Review Magazine, Blogs, Case studies, Articles, Books, Webinars . Retrieved November 11, 2012, from

Stalins leadership Essay Example for Free

Stalins leadership Essay The great patriotic war was a theatre of war primarily between Russia and the Nazis, although it involved many surrounding countries in Eastern Europe and beyond. This period was notorious for its unprecedented ferocity, destruction, and immense loss of life and was lead under the leadership of Stalin. Yet to what extent was Stalins efforts and actions the reason for the Soviet victory against the axis powers? Politically, there were many aspects that contributed to the war effort. The Communist Party itself worked at the rear of the forces (350,000 members were transferred to the back lines) and also increased membership to ensure that there was sufficient support for the party. The NKVD played a more significant role in the war, most importantly controlling the USSR population through fear. The NKVD were responsible for the labour camps (gulags) where prisoners of war were sent as well as opposition suspects and deserters from the Russian armies. The group had many other roles, including undercover officers within the red army reporting any deficiencies in moral and any anti-communist attitudes. Therefore they created a sense of terror that deterred any resistance against Stalin and the regime from building up effectively as well as maintaining discipline and security within the army. This was obviously a crucial factor in Soviet success, without this the Red Army would not have fought effectively. Although the NKVD were very effective throughout the war and must certainly be credited in the Soviet success, Stalin was in overall control of the body, and therefore could also claim some of this as his own. He also influenced the air of terror, by coining orders like not one step back meaning that any soldiers that tried to retreat would be shout by the NKVD themselves. Britain and America were Russias allies in the war and although they did not send troops directly to the front line, the lend lease programme (begun in March 1941) provided the USSR with essential war supplies $11. 3 billion worth of goods were sent throughout the war. Without these the army would have been less effectively supplied and progress may have been slower, particularly one the offensive move towards Berlin, which may have given the enemy more time to re-organise and build defenses. Additional assistance came from U. S. Russian War Relief (a private, nonprofit organization) and the Red Cross who also sent supplies. Again, it could be suggested that it was Stalins political ability that allowed him to form these alliances that proved to be so vital. However, for the supplies from the Red Cross and Russian war relief he cannot be accredited and it could be argued that the allies did not aid Russia due to Stalins diplomacy but merely in an attempt to defeat Germany. Despite the destruction of the war, the Russian economy managed to keep the front supplied with weapons and other supplies. The move to dismantle factories and rebuild them in the remote Urals once the Germans had begun to infiltrate Russia proved to be very successful. 1500 enterprises and 10 million people were transferred eastwards and the new industrial heartlands began production. The planned economy also meant that industrial plants were converted into military production factories (for example, in Moscow a childrens bicycle factory was converted into a automatic rifles factory). Without this economic planning, the Red Army would not have been supplied tanks, guns ammunition and planes in adequate quantities (in fact, by 1943 the Red Army was achieving this). However, yet again the ideas for the planned economy and the move of the factories were announced by Stalin and therefore their successful results and vital contribution to the war could be said to be a result of cunning planning and economic efficiency. Further than this, Stalin managed to mobilize the entire urban society into production. Similarly to the five year plans, anyone of a working age was forced into labour, including the women. For example, in 1942, women made up 53% of the urban workforce. Without this mobilisation, the factories would not have run to full capacity and production levels would have fallen substantially. Stalin also cleverly ensured that the workers would not resent the regime by increasing wages (wages rose by 75% between 1938 and 1944) and those in regular manual employment were guaranteed survival through the network of Ors (workers provisionary department) shops at their places of work. Obviously the Red Army must be accredited with at least some of the war success. Although it was initially disorganised and was unable to adapt to the defensive tactics now necessary, this was the result of Stalins fierce purges of the Red Army causing military leaders to be wary of taking any initiative or acting without firm orders from the leader himself. The Army was however, heroic in nature and had many successful attacks against the Germans (for example, the Battle of Kursk). Another initial weakness was the dual command of the Politruki, but Stalin did end this when he realised it was a hindrance to the army rather than a help. Stalins choices in military men had both positive and negative effects on the war. He was often seen to give leadership powers to those who were his close friends and allies, often with poor results. An example of this is Kulik who delayed the production of Katyusa rockets and T34 tanks due to a belief that more old fashioned artillery and horsepower were more effective war methods. However, Soviet success was also the result of meticulous planning and military excellence of many other of the Russian leaders, for example Vasilevsky who was responsible for the planning and co-ordination of all decisive offences and Chuikov who commanded in Stalingrad. The man with the most influence militarily however was General Zhukov who oversaw the defence of Leningrad and orchestrated the first breakthrough, commanded in the Battle of Kursk and launched the final attack on Germany, including capturing Berlin. Further than this Zhukov was more fearless than many others of the leaders and stood up for his military ideas. It could be suggested that this was the main reason that Stalin eventually accepted that his tactics needed updating and moved away from his previous military ideas. Had the Red Army continued with these they may never have won the war as the outdated tactics were very unsuccessful. The Stavka ended up being a very effective team, some disagreement with Stalin was tolerated and the result was concrete military decisions that resulted in Soviet success. It is possible to completely blame Stalin for the initial Russian failures for a further reason. Previous to Operation Barbarossa, Stalin had been warned of the German attack but simply ignored this and made no defensive military plans. Therefore when under attack, the army only had defensive strategies available. This was particularly a problem due to the lack of initiative that generals were willing to take as explained above. Some debate still remains over why Stalin refused to acknowledge the information but it was probably a combination of Stalins overconfidence in the character of Hitler and other circumstantial information (such as 22nd June was theoretically too late to attack as it was too close to the Russian winter). For these reasons Stalin was certainly a hindrance to the Russian side at times. However, he did change his tactics eventually which was obviously a difficult move for Stalin as it resulted in a loss of face. Another of Stalins failures was his refusal to sign the Geneva Convention for human rights. Therefore when Russian prisoners of war were captured they often ended up in extermination camps in Germany. Many Russian war prisoners ended up fighting for the German side in preference to being killed. An example of this is Andrei Vlasov who set up a Russian Liberation Army who fought for the Germans; he was later used as a figurehead for German propaganda. If Stalin had signed the agreement the Germans wouldnt have had any extra re-enforcements. Another general factor for the Soviet success in the Great Patriotic War is psychological and social. The role of the Russian people undoubtedly contributed to the war effort. Other than the obvious roles they played in the factories, farms and on the battlefront itself, the sheer heroism of many of the people is astounding. For example, within Leningrad the Russian people failed to give in to German terror for 872 days, despite the constant attack from the skies, bitter famines spread throughout the whole city, horrific death rates (in December 1941, 53000 people died in Leningrad (this was as many as the total deaths in 1940)) and rations that were barely enough to survive (bread rations were 400g a day but decreased to 250-125g in December/January 1941). This strength of the nation was seen in other places, such as the partisan units that were set up in the German occupied areas. Often the members were Red Army troops that had not retreated quick enough to stay in front of the Germans, but many were also civilians united in a hatred for the Nazis. They were effective in tying down Germans in certain areas, harassing German soldiers but most importantly showing the opposition that Russian influence was still present in their occupied areas. The sheer hatred that the Russians felt for the Germans was also influential to Soviet success, and the treatment in the camps was certainly a contributing factor to this. Another reason for this was the treatment for the Russians in the German occupied territory. The Germans viewed the war as a war of extermination and used the Slav people as sub-humans. An example is a quote from Hitler if 10,000 females die of exhaustion digging an anti-tank ditch, my only interest is that the ditch is dug for Germany. Only towards the end of the war did the Germans realise that it would be much more effective to try and keep the Russians on side. An example of the earlier brutality is the 34,000 Jews and Soviet citizens massacred at Babi-Yar which was an attempt to cleanse Russia and create living space (lebensraum). This is important for the war as the Russian hatred fuelled their desire to defeat the Germans and individuals would work harder and faster in whatever role they were contributing in. It could be suggested that Stalin did help influence this as his speechs were always hugely anti-German and highlighted the deaths and terrors inflicted upon Russia. He also contributed to the propaganda that was circulated in the war which showed clearly the brutalities of the war to the Russian civilians. This was to influence the Red Army and partisans to fight for motherland, for honour, for freedom and for Stalin. Stalin also managed to mobilise and encourage women into the war effort. Women took on roles within factories, farms and other mens positions such as miners and welders. At the beginning of 1940 women made up 41% of labour front and over 800,000 saw active service on the battlefields (ordered after 1942). Another social change that Stalin made during the war were the religious concessions. For example, in 1942 the labour camps were searched for religious men who were then allowed home and in 1943 they Russians elected a new patriarch and synod. These proved very successful and brought him more support as the religious Russians had previously felt oppressed. Stalin as a war leader was always resolute and determined. It is unquestionable that Stalin was courageous, despite German attack he remained with his family in Moscow rather than fleeing to Kuibyshev. Although he did make some mistakes, particularly during the openings of the war, he did manage to amend many of these. The ways in which Stalin helped make the Soviet war success certainly outweigh his hindrances in both number and significance. Without such a powerful, charismatic and talented leader, Russia would have been much more likely to be defeated in the Great Patriotic war.

How Do The Social Media Affect Our Culture Media Essay

How Do The Social Media Affect Our Culture Media Essay Ill just quickly go to Erics house to see if Erics Home, and ask what hes doing tonight. I hope that Monica is not involved with Eric, although I often see her talking to that guy. Or shall I call Amber, because I heard she likes me. That was a typical youngster life about 50 years ago. When you wanted to talk to someone, you went to him or her, or gave them a phone call. That was our way of interacting with people in our culture back then. Quickly looking if Eric has posted something this night on Twitter. Hoping that Monica isnt doing something this evening, although she often sends messages to that guy on Facebook. Or shall I talk to Amber on Facebook chat? She likes all my pictures, maybe she fancies me? This is a more modern approach which we would use nowadays. Just compare the two examples, and you see the big difference. Therefore we can ask ourselves the question: Are we connected better nowadays with social media, or are we worse off? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Our culture has norms and values. It makes us who we are, what we feel connected to and how we behave. One of the aspects of culture is social interaction between people. How we behave to one another and in which way we do that. Social media has taken a big role in our social interaction. We no longer have to speak to a person to know what they are doing. We just look on twitter of Facebook. Or we give them a quick message on MSN or Whatsapp. This leads to less real-life or physical contact. This could be seen in a negative and in a positive way. The real connection such as visual and emotional expressions arent shown anymore, because you both look at a computerized display. This way messages could be understood differently than they should be, because they dont get to know the real meaning behind the message. Social media can create a gap between generations. The majority of social media users are teenagers or young adults. [fact1: 50% of the world population is under 30 years of age] Although more and more people start to use this type of media, it are especially younger people who start using social media, not adults. People who are for example 50 years or older do have trouble to keep updated with all modern technology like computers, not even mentioning the social media use on these computers. We dont have a choice on whether we DO social media, the question is how well DO it Erik Qualman Social media can also be dangerous. That might sound odd, but you all might have experienced the dangers of social media before. When you posted something on Facebook or Twitter, and after that you regret that you made that post. Thats a negative side of internet. We all have to be careful now with what we do or what we say. When things are put on the internet, it can stay there forever. When there was no internet, words that were said would just be forgotten after a certain time, and people couldnt copy it. Now with social media, messages can be copied, duplicated and spread so easily that you really have to be careful with what you say. Your privacy can also be put to the test by showing and sharing all the things you do. People know what you are doing, where you are and what your status is. [fact1: there are over 110 million updates posted on Facebook and Twitter every day] Many people dont do anything with it, but some will use that information for purposes you dont want them to use. So called leaking info can also be dangerous. For example in important negations or other meetings, there have been multiple people who accidentally leaked important and secret information which were shown in such meetings. There are other things important too for our culture. Our very own Dutch language for example. Its used less and less on social media. This is due to the globalization and English being used more and more often as an lingua franca. [fact1: if Facebook were a country, it would be worlds 3rd largest country in terms of population] Nowadays you see and increasing use of English: English quotes, abbreviations (brb = be right back, omwt = on my way to.. and ftw = for the win) or complete English sentences. There are multiple reasons for this: English sounds a lot cooler than some Dutch words. Some jokes are only funny in English or you have an audience in mind that doesnt speak your language, but who do speak English. Social media is not only negative. On the other hand contact is made easier, because you have a sort of safety behind your computer or mobile phone. Nobody sees you. You can act out who you want (remember though: this can be deceiving too). You also make contact easier via social media. Many people prefer a message via internet on e.g. Facebook or Twitter than giving them a call or go by and visit them. People are usually more shy in public. Therefore you can say that there could be more social interaction between people, and a reason for that contact is made easier than before. Social media invites people to write more messages, updates or other messaging. You have to keep updated by reading your friends updates, but you have to post what you are doing too; making dinner, going to the beach or just going to sleep. [fact1: visiting social sites is now more popular than checking personal email] It reaches all your updated friends on social media, so the message you sent is multiplied dozens of times. Its like give a speech to a huge square filled with people. The only difference with that speech is that social media messaging happens every minute, those speeches only take place a certain amount of times in a year, because not everybody wants to group-up too often. Focus on how to BE social, not how to DO social Jay Baer Social Media are sometimes called the biggest shift since the industrial revolution. We all notice that social media has turned into something really big. Some use it more often than others, but our culture has changed. There is now more contact via internet. Will this in the end kill our social cohesion and will groups of people be left out? Or will our social interaction become extensive and will our relationships get better? These are all questions which cant be answered yet and can only be answered in the future. The thing we do know is that how social media changes our culture is all in our hands; how we deal with it. Be careful with what you do on social media, because before you know it, social media can blow it. It is a great gift though, and with proper and with humble use, we all can enjoy the use of it; whether Monica is doing something tonight or if Amber is really into me.. -Ivo Brouwer

Distance Education Essay -- Teaching Educating School Essays

Distance Education "Distance education is a process that creates and provides access to learning when time and distance separate the source of information and the learners"(Zhang, 1998, p.1). Distance education defies time and space and can help create a "virtual schoolhouse, or a ‘classroom without walls’"(Wheat, 1998, p.1). The "need to take the distance out of education has not been driven largely by sheer need to bridge physical separations. It has been based mainly on providing access as open as possible to those who are willing to avail themselves of the opportunities education affords them"(Tam, 1998, p.3). "Education needs to reach those who are disadvantaged by location, finance, time, and resources"(Tam, 1998, p.3). Distance learning can also reach students "with an unusual learning needs" or "unusual emotional problems", who need to take "atypical courses", or who have "visual learning styles"(Dede, 1990, p.3). "Distance learning is a strategy educational institutions are in itially using to overcome inadequacies of local resources for meeting learners’ needs"(Dede, 1990, p.3). "Distance learning is hardly a new idea; correspondence courses have been offered since the mid-1800’s"(Sonner, 1999, p.1). New technologies have simply given distance educators more options on how to supply distance learning to potential distance learners. Technology-Assisted Distance Education The technologies of distance education "have been evolving from traditional technologies such as mail, telephone, fax, to instructional television, to VCR-based technology, and computers systems such as the Internet (Zhang, 1998, p.2). "Internet-based distance courses are booming"(Zhang, 1998, p.2) "IP (Internet Protocol) is the way the ... ...ges. Hancock, Amy. (1999, March). The evolving terrain of distance learning. Satellite Communications, 23(3), 4 pages. Leonard, David C. (1999, Winter). The Web, the millenium, and the digital evolution of distance education. Technical Communication Quarterly, 8(1), 12 pages. Markel, Mike. (1999, April). Distance education and the myth of the new pedagogy. Journal of Business & Technical Communication, 13(2), 15 pages. Merisotis, Jamie P., & Phipps, Ronald A. What’s the difference? Change, 31(3), 6 pages. Sonner, Brenda S. (1999, Mar/Apr.). Success in the capstone business course—assessing the effectiveness of distance learning. Journal of Education for Business, 74(4), 5 pages. Zhang, Ping. (1998, Summer). A case study on technology use in distance learning. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 30(4), 22 pages.

Who’s Responsible for the final tragedy in ‘A View from the Bridge’?

Nowadays, family loyalty is not as common in families as in used to be. Think about your family, does it revolve around loyalty or something else? In the play, ‘A View from the Bridge’ written by Arthur Miller their whole family life revolves around loyalty and is an everyday duty. But evidently shown the pressure of family loyalty can push you to do things that might not be in your nature to do. It begins when Eddie and Beatrice give refuge to two Italian immigrants, whom are Beatrice’s cousins named Marco and Rodolfo. Once they arrive everybody’s feelings of lust, jealousy and anger begin to become stronger and stronger. But this still leaves the question open†¦Who or what is responsible for the final tragedy? Catherine joined the Carbone family when her mother died; they willingly took in and dedicated their life to take care of her. Eddie shows to be a caring and protective father especially when Catherine wants to go out in a short skirt, Eddie is not very impressed and says ‘You’re walking wavy’ and he doesn’t like they way men look at her in the candy store (‘I don’t like the looks they’re givin’ you in the candy store. . He seems to have this lead on Catherine over what she does and how she does it. But when Beatrice (Eddie’s wife) has her cousins come over illegally from Italy Catherine’s childhood days and behavior seems to slowly be drifting away as Catherine and Rodolfo begin to realize their love for each ot her; but not if Eddie has anything to do with it. At the beginning of the play, Eddie is clearly shown as an over-protective father figure over Catherine. At first his relationship with Catherine is publicized as a typical father-daughter relationship; he disagrees with things she says and he’s never content with her personal relationships. But Catherine also shows that she feels quite close to him when Beatrice reveals ‘You still walk around in front of him with just your slip’ and ‘you sit of the edge of the bathtub talkin’ to him when he’s shavin’ in his underwear’ This shows that Catherine is very comfortable with Eddie but it may be that its her being that comfortable that leads Eddie to want more than a father-daughter relationship with her. When Marco and Rodolfo arrive there is a clear attraction between Catherine and Rodolfo and this is only the start of a big problem in Eddie’s eyes. When Beatrice says â€Å"if it was a prince came here for you it would be no different† This shows that even Beatrice knows what Eddie’s doing but she said it’s going to be like this with every guy Catherine is with. Also that he will always love her, no matter who she loves. Beatrice is shown as a sensitive woman in a view from a bridge, she may not be shown as a must needed character but in fact there is more to Beatrice than we think. In the play we get the feeling that once Rodolfo and Marco arrive she wants everything to be perfect so when Eddie gets upset with the relationship with Catherine and Rodolfo she starts to snap at Eddie a lot more. I know this from when Eddie says 2you didn’t used to jump me all the time† but it kind of shows a caring side to Beatrice; she wants her cousins to have a comfortable and loving home to live in while they stay in America. Beatrice suggests that recently Eddie hasn’t been treating her like a wife and their love life hasn’t been all that it could be when Beatrice snaps at Eddie saying â€Å"When am I going to be a wife again, Eddie†. This lack of loving for his wife is probably because of his recent obsession with his niece’s relationship, he wants to be noticed by her because he detests that she has someone to love. Beatrice slowly starts to realize what Eddie is trying to and his involvement with Catherine when Beatrice says â€Å"You want somethin’ else Eddie and you can never have her! † (Catherine) By this point in the play it is pretty clear that Beatrice is telling the truth. But I don’t think Beatrice is stating what needs to be said, I think that she is attacked Eddie with this statement because she is annoyed of Eddie and jealous of Catherine because she is getting the loving from Eddie that Beatrice tries so hard to get, just a little bit of. Beatrice has a habit of laying out the truth to her loved ones, but in the end she sucks up to Eddie and does what he tells her to do; I see this when Eddie doesn’t want to go to the wedding and Beatrice makes her â€Å"own† decision to stay at home with Eddie and not go. At the beginning of the play Marco is shown as quite a chilled out person. As the reader we now he is a man devoted to her family and the loyalty that keeps them so close. He is so devoted that he had to leave his wife and children back in Italy to come and work in America. One of Marco’s first good qualities we see is a peacemaker; he is constantly trying to calm the tense atmosphere between Eddie and Rodolfo and in Eddie’s eyes his other good quality is being masculine and Eddie’s friend Louis describes as â€Å"A regular bull† and says â€Å"He’s a regular slave† I think this means he works hard. He tells Rodolfo to be respectful to Eddie when they have arguments but I think this is only because he wants to makes his welcome as long as possible so he can work for his wife and children. But when Eddie snitches to immigration Marco’s innocent feelings and peacemaker quality disappears. He almost turns into a completely different person. In the eyes Eddie, Rodolfo is an evil man who has only traveled to America to steal Catherine from him. When in fact he is just there to get money for his brother’s family and falls in love with Catherine. We know that Rodolfo can sing but he tends to sing in inappropriate places, such as; the house and down at the docks (these are places were they could easily get caught). We know a lot of good things about Rodolfo but not any bad things†¦and that’s what drives Eddie mad. So Eddie accuses Rodolfo of only wanting a relationship with Catherine to become an American Citizen. But when Catherine asks him (â€Å"Would you still want to do it if it turned out we had to go live in Italy? †) he replies â€Å"No; I will not marry you to live in Italy. I want you to be my wife, and I want to be a citizen†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ if Rodolfo really just wanted to be an American Citizen why would he reply with such an honest answer? His masculinity is tested when Eddie decides to â€Å"teach† Rodolfo how to fight (â€Å"come on, I’ll teach you. †) but Eddie takes advantage of him and boxes him straight in the face. Eddie thought that this showed that Rodolfo was gay but maybe he just didn’t want to fight? But then Eddie kisses Rodolfo to try and say that he is gay, but it didn’t work. In my opinion it made Eddie look quite silly because there was no reaction. Catherine, the beautiful seventeen-year-old girl; She is in the middle of the love triangle. She is portrayed as a loving daughter. She loves Eddie; He took her in a brought her up as his own and they are shown with a good father daughter relationship. Eddie Notices everything about Catherine her hair, new out fit (at the beginning of the play), she likes that he’s noticed but she doesn’t no that it’s really his secret desire fore her; Whereas Beatrice notices this when her cousins arrive. This is when we see a different side of Eddie, when he starts to get really jealous. Eddie becomes persistent I finding ways and excuses with stopping Catherine from going out with Rodolfo; this puts a strain on their relationship. But when Eddie kisses Catherine it just ruins the relationship, Catherine realizes what has been happening and is fuming at her uncle. Reputation is a big thing through this play and there are many things which let us know about this. When Eddie has a convosation with Beatrice and he talks about Rodolfo, he says â€Å"I’m ashamed. Paper doll they call him. Blondie now† this shows that Eddie is worried and doesn’t want to ruin his reputation down at the docks. Next big clue that respect and reputation is a big thing in this family is when Eddie shouts â€Å"I want my respect! † Eddie says this after he has turned in Marco and Rodolfo; in my opinion he has probably lost all respect for himself and is asking respect from other people in order to feel better. When Marco and Eddie are fighting in the street Marco shouts â€Å"That one! He killed my children! That one stole food from my children! † when he says this in front of the whole neighborhood this destroys Eddie’s reputation with the community. Eddie replies â€Å" Gonna take that back or I’ll kill him! † this shows Eddie will do anything to get his reputation back and he is not joking. The long lasting respect Catherine has for her uncle in lost (â€Å"You got no right to tell nobody nothing’, Nobody! The rest of your life, nobody! †).

Adolf Hitler essays

Adolf Hitler essays Adolf Hitler was born in the small Austrian town of Branau on the 20th of April 1889. He came from a middle-class family that lived comfortably, although he suggested in his book Mein Kampf that his family was poor and his childhood was filled with hardship. His father Alois Hitler was a customs official with the Austrian Civil Service. His mother, Klara was a former servant girl and became Alois' third wife. The young Hitler had ability but performed poorly at school. He reacted against discipline. One of his teachers described Hitler as "wilful, arrogant and bad tempered. He had obvious difficulty in fitting in at school. Moreover he was lazy.... He demanded of his fellow pupils their unqualified subservience, fancying himself in the role of leader." Hitler had a poor relationship with his father, who could not accept his son's lack of self-discipline and his interests in art, architecture and music. When his father died in 1903, his mother Klara had very little control over her son, and in 1905 he left school. In 1907 Hitler applied to enter the Vienna Academy of Art but his application was rejected. In that year his mother died from cancer. Hitler had been devoted to his mother and her death affected him deeply. He carried her portrait everywhere he went for the rest of his life. In 1908 Hitler moved to Vienna. Once again he sought admission to the Academy Of Art but was rejected for a second time. For a while he had enough money to live on from his inheritance and from an orphan's pension but by the time he was twenty-one, Hitler was almost penniless, and was forced to live in a shelter with homeless men. On the odd occasion he made money from drawing sketches or painting scenes of Vienna, but he refused to look for a settled job. But by 1910 he began to show an interest in politics and often spent hours in Vienna's public libraries learning more on the subject and engaging in polit...